CLCA1 is Poorly Expressed in Stomach Adenocarcinoma and Correlates with Immune Infiltration / CLCA1 se Expresa Deficientemente en el Adenocarcinoma de Estómago y se Correlaciona con la Infiltración Inmune

SUMMARY: Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 (CLCA1) is associated with cancer progression. The expression and immunologic function of CLCA1 in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remain unclear. In this investigation, the expression of CLCA1 in STAD tissues and its involvement in the progression and immune response of STAD were examined using databases such as cBioPortal, TISIDB, and UALCAN. In order to validate the expression level of CLCA1 protein in gastric adenocarcinoma, thirty clinical tissue specimens were gathered for immunohistochemical staining. The findings indicated a downregulation of CLCA1 in STAD patients, which was correlated with race, age, cancer grade, Helicobacter pylori infection, and molecular subtype. Through the examination of survival analysis, it was identified that diminished levels of CLCA1 within gastric cancer cases were linked to decreased periods of post-progression survival (PPS), overall survival (OS), and first progression (FP) (P<0.05). The CLCA1 mutation rate was lower in STAD, but the survival rate was higher in the variant group. The correlation between the expression level of CLCA1 and the levels of immune infiltrating cells in STAD, as well as the immune activating molecules, immunosuppressive molecules, MHC molecules, chemokines, and their receptor molecules, was observed. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that CLCA1 may be involved in STAD progression through systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), proteasome, cell cycle, pancreatic secretion, and PPAR signaling pathways. In summary, CLCA1 is anticipated to function as a prognostic marker for patients with STAD and is linked to the immunization of STAD.

El regulador 1 del canal de cloruro activado por calcio (CLCA1) está asociado con la progresión del cáncer. La expresión y la función inmunológica de CLCA1 en el adenocarcinoma de estómago (STAD) aún no están claras. En esta investigación, se examinó la expresión de CLCA1 en tejidos STAD y su participación en la progresión y respuesta inmune de STAD utilizando bases de datos como cBioPortal, TISIDB y UALCAN. Para validar el nivel de expresión de la proteína CLCA1 en el adenocarcinoma gástrico, se recolectaron treinta muestras de tejido clínico para tinción inmunohistoquímica. Los hallazgos indicaron una regulación negativa de CLCA1 en pacientes con STAD, que se correlacionó con la raza, la edad, el grado del cáncer, la infección por Helicobacter pylori y el subtipo molecular. Mediante el examen del análisis de supervivencia, se identificó que los niveles reducidos de CLCA1 en los casos de cáncer gástrico estaban relacionados con períodos reducidos de supervivencia posterior a la progresión (PPS), supervivencia general (OS) y primera progresión (FP) (P <0,05). La tasa de mutación CLCA1 fue menor en STAD, pero la tasa de supervivencia fue mayor en el grupo variante. Se observó la correlación entre el nivel de expresión de CLCA1 y los niveles de células inmunes infiltrantes en STAD, así como las moléculas activadoras inmunes, moléculas inmunosupresoras, moléculas MHC, quimiocinas y sus moléculas receptoras. El análisis de enriquecimiento genético reveló que CLCA1 puede estar involucrado en la progresión de STAD a través del lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES), el proteasoma, el ciclo celular, la secreción pancreática y las vías de señalización de PPAR. En resumen, se prevé que CLCA1 funcione como un marcador de pronóstico para pacientes con STAD y está vinculado a la inmunización de STAD.

Índice leucocitos/eosinófilos como marcador pronóstico del choque séptico / Leukocyte/eosinophil Ratio as a Prognostic Marker of Septic Choque

Introducción: Se ha reconocido mundialmente el choque séptico como causa de una alta incidencia en la mortalidad. La incorporación de nuevos biomarcadores posibilita la obtención de un diagnóstico rápido y preciso. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad del índice leucocitos/eosinófilos como marcador pronóstico del choque séptico. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación en dos etapas: la primera descriptiva en la cual se detallaron las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y las variaciones de los estudios de laboratorio y la segunda explicativa de cohorte para estimar el valor predictivo del biomarcador leucocitos/eosinopenia en el choque séptico. Se realizó el recuento de eosinófilos y se obtuvo la media aritmética. Se consideró eosinopenia relativa con valores por debajo de la media de eosinófilos. Resultados: En el estudio se demostró que la leucocitosis fue de (27,4 células*mm3), la disminución del hematocrito (32,2 por ciento) y el descenso del número plaquetario (125,6 célula*mm3) prevalecen en el choque séptico. Además se refleja el descenso de los eosinófilos (18,5 células/mcl), aumento del índice leucocitos/eosinófilos (148,1) y empeoramiento del SOFA (2,8). El aumento del índice leucocitos/eosinófilos se correlaciona con el aumento de la proteína C reactiva y la procalcitonina. Conclusiones: La correlación de la leucocitosis y la eosinopenia mostró la utilidad del índice leucocitos/eosinopenia como factor de predicción del choque séptico(AU)

Introduction: Septic shock has been recognized worldwide as a cause of high incidence of mortality. The incorporation of new biomarkers makes it possible to obtain a rapid and accurate diagnosis. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of the leukocyte/eosinophil ratio as a prognostic marker of septic shock. Methods: An investigation was carried out in two stages: in the first (the descriptive phase) the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and variations of the laboratory studies were detailed and in the second (the explanatory cohort phase), the predictive value of the leukocytes/eosinopenia biomarker in septic shock was estimated. The eosinophil count was performed and the arithmetic mean was obtained. Relative eosinopenia was considered with eosinophil values below the average. Results: The study showed that leukocytosis was 27.4 cells*mm3, hematocrit decreased in 32.2percent and decreased platelet number (125.6 cells*mm3) prevail in septic shock. In addition, a decrease in eosinophils (18.5 cells/mcl), an increase in the leukocyte/eosinophil ratio (148.1) and worsening of SOFA (2.8) are reflected. The increase in the leukocyte/eosinophil ratio is correlated with the increase in C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Conclusions: The correlation of leukocytosis and eosinopenia showed the usefulness of the leukocyte/eosinopenia index as a predictor of septic shock(AU)

Factores de riesgo relacionados con la evolución intrahospitalaria de pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST

Fundamento: el síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST es uno de los principales motivos de consulta e ingresos en servicios de urgencia. Su curso clínico y pronóstico pueden modificarse por diversos factores. Objetivo: analizar los factores de riesgo relacionados con la evolución intrahospitalaria de los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST ingresados en la sala de cuidados intensivos coronarios del Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de tipo transversal que incluyó 99 pacientes que con diagnóstico de SCACEST ingresaron en la unidad de cuidados coronarios del Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía cardiovascular, desde junio del 2018 a junio del 2019. Se recogieron las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y angiográficas Las variables de respuesta fueron las complicaciones y la muerte de causa cardiovascular ocurrida durante el ingreso hospitalario. Se analizó la distribución de frecuencias, se realizó la prueba de Chi Cuadrado y se emplearon las diferencias de medias para muestras independientes. Resultados: predominaron los pacientes mayores de 60 años, con una edad media de 63 años y el sexo masculino. La hipertensión arterial fue el factor de riesgo más frecuente, seguido del tabaquismo. Se constató que la clasificación de Killip Kimball III-IV tuvo una fuerte asociación con una evolución desfavorable con un OR de 41,50 (p=0,000), seguido del infarto agudo de miocardio previo OR de 3,25 (p=0,03). Conclusiones: la clasificación de Killip Kimball II-IV, la escala Grace de riesgo moderado a alto, y los valores de creatinina tuvieron una mayor asociación con la evolución intrahospitalaria desfavorable.

Background: acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation is one of the main reasons for consultation and admissions to emergency services. Its clinical course and prognosis can be modified by various factors. Objective: to analyze the risk factors related to the in-hospital evolution of patients with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome admitted to the coronary intensive care unit of the Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. Methods: a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out that included 99 patients with a diagnosis of STEACS admitted to the coronary care unit of the Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, from June 2018 to June 2019. Sociodemographic variables were collected, clinical and angiographic. The response variables were complications and death from cardiovascular causes that occurred during hospital admission. The frequency distribution was analyzed, the Chi Square test was performed and the mean differences for independent samples were used. Results: patients older than 60 years predominated, with a mean age of 63 years and the male sex. Arterial hypertension was the most frequent risk factor, followed by smoking. It was found that the Killip Kimball III-IV classification had a strong association with an unfavorable evolution with an OR of 41.50 (p=0.000), followed by previous acute myocardial infarction OR of 3.25 (p=0.03). Conclusions: the Killip Kimball II-IV classification, the Grace scale of moderate to high risk, and creatinine values ​​had a greater association with unfavorable in-hospital evolution.

The prognostic value of decrease in prognostic nutritional index in stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients during curative thoracic radiotherapy

Background: Curative thoracic radiotherapy (CTRT) with concurrent chemotherapy has been considered as standard treatment approach for stage-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The hematological and esophageal toxicities that have been encountered during CTRT would affect the immunonutritional status of the patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of the change in pre- and post-treatment prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in stage-III NSCLC patients. Methods: Eighty seven consecutive stage III NSCLC patients� data were collected. Pre-radiotherapy (RT) and post-RT PNI values were calculated and the impact of prognostic value of PNI change on overall survival (OS) was evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A cutoff value of PNI change was obtained by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The cutoff value was found to be a 22% decrease in PNI by ROC curve analysis in terms of effect on OS. The median OS of low and high PNI decrease groups were 22.5 and 16.5 months respectively (P = 0,001). In univariate and multivariate analyses PNI decrease of ? 22% was found to be an independent poor prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.012) and hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)= 2.05 (1.16�62). Conclusion: The PNI change would be a convenient parameter to assess the immunonutrition

Long-term outcomes of definitive radiotherapy-based comprehensive treatment for inoperable stage I-III non-metastatic pancreatic cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To analyze long-term outcomes of inoperable non-metastatic pancreatic cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy-based comprehensive treatment.Methods:Clinical data of 168 patients with medically unfit, refusal to surgery or inoperable non-metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with radiotherapy-based comprehensive treatment in PLA General Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Survival outcomes,prognostic factors and patterns of treatment failure were analyzed in the radiotherapy ( n=95) and combined chemoradiotherapy ( n=73) groups. The survival analysis was conducted by Kaplan-Meier method. The survival curve was compared by log-rank test. Independent prognostic factors were identified by Cox proportional harzard model. Results:With a median follow-up of 20.2 months in the entire group, the median overall survival (OS) and median progression-free survival (PFS) were 18.0 and 12.3 months. The corresponding median OS and median PFS after receiving radiotherapy were 14.3 and 7.7 months. The 1-, 2-and 3-year OS rates were 72.1%, 36.6% and 21.5%, and the 1- and 2-year local control rates were 82.6% and 64.3%, respectively. The median OS for stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ and stage III were 27.1, 18.0 and 17.0 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in the median OS of patients with localized disease (stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ) between the radiotherapy and combined chemoradiotherapy groups (21.1 vs. 20.4 months, P=0.470). In patients with locally advanced disease (stage Ⅲ), combined chemoradiotherapy group showed better median OS compared with radiotherapy group (19.2 vs. 13.8 months, P=0.004). Clinical stage, CA19-9 before radiotherapy, comprehensive treatment and biological effective dose (BED 10) were identified as the independent prognostic factors for OS ( P=0.032, 0.011, 0.003 and 0.014). The cumulative 1- and 2-year actuarial rates of treatment failure, local-regional recurrence and distant metastasis were 48% and 74.4%, 15.0% and 27.4%, 23.6% and 33.1%, respectively. Liver metastasis (16.1%, 27/168) and local recurrence (11.9%, 20/168) were the primary patterns of treatment failure. Conclusions:Definitive radiotherapy-based comprehensive treatment effectively prolongs long-term survival in patients with inoperable non-metastatic pancreatic cancer. Definitive radiotherapy can be an alternative treatment option with curative intent for patients with localized pancreatic cancer who are medically unfit or refuse to undergo surgery. The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy remains an effective treatment choice for locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer.

Evaluation of clinical efficacy and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma patients treated with auto-HSCT: A single-center real-world study / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To evaluate the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma (MM) patients treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT). 【Methods】 The clinical data of 155 MM patients newly diagnosed and suitable for transplantation in our hospital from 2014 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into auto-HSCT group and non-auto-HSCT group according to the treatment mode. The clinical efficacy, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the two groups were compared. Furthermore, the prognostic factors of auto-HSCT group were analyzed. 【Results】 ① There were 51 patients in auto-HSCT group and 104 patients in non-auto-HSCT group. There was no statistical difference in baseline characteristics except age between the two groups. ② Hematopoietic reconstruction was achieved in all patients in auto-HSCT group, and no transplantation-related mortality was found. ③ The clinical efficacy of pre-and post-transplantation was compared in auto-HSCT group. sCR/CR rate was significantly increased after transplantation (P=0.041). The effective remission rate (≥VGPR) was also higher (P=0.05). As for the best efficacy, sCR/CR rate and effective remission rate were both significantly higher in auto-HSCT group than in non-auto-HSCT group (P=0.001). ④ In auto-HSCT group, by the end of follow-up, the median OS was not reached, the median PFS was 30.5 months, and 3-year OS and PFS was 87% and 40.3%, respectively. In non-auto-HSCT group, the median OS was 61 months, the median PFS was 21 months, and 3-year OS and PFS was 65.3% and 33.1%, respectively. It indicated that OS was significantly prolonged in auto-HSCT group (P=0.004). PFS was also prolonged but without significant difference (P=0.065). ⑤ Analysis of prognostic factors in auto-HSCT group showed that decreased PLT (P=0.038) and increased serum-adjusted calcium (P=0.017) were independent risk factors for OS, decreased PLT (P=0.005), female (P=0.018) and disease status of PR or worse before transplantation (P=0.012) were independent risk factors for PFS. 【Conclusion】 Auto-HSCT can improve the remission rate, prolong OS in MM patients, and possibly prolong PFS. Increased serum-corrected calcium and decreased PLT are independent prognostic factors for OS in patients treated with auto-HSCT. Decreased PLT, female, and disease status of PR or worse before transplantation are independent prognostic factors for PFS.

Caracterización del índice de choque como variable al ingreso en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalente

Introducción: El índice de choque ha sido propuesto como un parámetro eficaz, barato y fácilmente realizable para la determinación del pronóstico del desarrollo de complicaciones e incluso la muerte. Objetivo: Describir los valores del índice de choque al ingreso, de los pacientes ingresados en la en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Docente "Vladimir Ilich Lenin" de Holguín, Cuba, entre junio-diciembre de 2019. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo, donde de un universo de 98 pacientes ingresados en dicha unidad (N=98) la muestra quedó conformada por 77 pacientes (n=77) a través de un muestreo no probabilístico. Las variables evaluadas fueron: APACHE II, índice de choque, diagnóstico etiológico presuntivo, qSOFA y lactato sérico. Como instrumento de la investigación se implantó un formulario de recolección de datos. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 24. Para el procesamiento de las variables cuantitativas se empleó la media y la desviación estándar. Resultados: Las enfermedades predominantes fueron la hemorragia puerperal, el posoperatorio complicado y la preeclampsia. El 54,5 % presentó valores normales de lactato sérico y el 59,7 % presentó valores de qSOFA normales o bajos. El 84,2 % mostró valores bajos de APACHE II al ingreso. El 58,5 % de los pacientes presentó un índice de choque mayor de 0,7. Conclusiones: Los pacientes ingresados en la UCI muestran mayor alteración del índice de choque que de variables más conocidas y ampliamente utilizadas (APACHE II, qSOFA y lactato sérico).

Introduction: The shock index has been proposed as an effective, cheap and easily achievable parameter for the prognosis of possible complications and even death. Objective: To describe the shock index values in patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit at the Hospital General Docente "Vladimir Ilich Lenin" de Holguín, Cuba, throughout June to December 2019. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in which 98 patients (N=98) admitted to ICU were selected as universe, the sample consisted of 77 patients (n=77) through non-probabilistic sampling. Variables evaluated were as follow: APACHE II system, shock index, presumptive etiologic diagnosis, qSOFA score and serum lactate level. A data collection form was used as a research instrument. The SPSS version 24 statistical package was used. The mean and standard deviation were used to process the quantitative variables. Results: The predominant diseases found were postpartum hemorrhage, the postoperative complication and pre-eclampsia disorder. Serum lactate values were normal in 54.5% of studied patients and normal or low qSOFA values in 59.7%. The 84.2% showed low APACHE II values on admission and 58.5% had a shock index greater than 0.7. Conclusions: Patients admitted to the ICU show greater alterations in the shock index than in better known and widely used variables like (APACHE II, qSOFA and serum lactate).

Introdução: O índice de choque tem sido proposto como um parâmetro eficaz, barato e facilmente alcançável para determinar o prognóstico para o desenvolvimento de complicações e até morte. Objetivo: Descrever os valores do índice de choque na admissão, dos pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital General Docente "Vladimir Ilich Lenin" em Holguín, Cuba, entre junho e dezembro de 2019. Método: Um cruzamento descritivo -estudo seccional, onde de um universo de 98 doentes internados na referida unidade (N=98) a amostra foi constituída por 77 doentes (n=77) através de uma amostragem não probabilística. As variáveisavaliadas foram: APACHE II, índice de choque, diagnóstico etiológico presuntivo, qSOFA e lactato sérico. Como instrumento de pesquisa, implementou-se um formulário de coleta de dados. Foi utilizado o pacote estatístico SPSS versão 24. Para o processamento das variáveis quantitativas foram utilizados a média e o desvio padrão. Resultados: As doenças predominantes foram hemorragia pós-parto, pós-operatório complicado e pré-eclâmpsia. 54,5% tinham valores de lactato sérico normais e 59,7% tinham valores de qSOFA normais ou baixos. 84,2% apresentaram baixos valores de APACHE II na admissão. 58,5% dos pacientes apresentaram índice de choque maior que 0,7. Conclusões: Os pacientes internados na UTI apresentam maiores alterações no índice de choque do que em variáveis mais conhecidas e amplamente utilizadas (APACHE II, qSOFA e lactato sérico).

Pediatric Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis - A Single Center Study

Objective: To describe the epidemiological features, outcomes and prognostic factors in diagnosis of pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Methods: 118 children fulfilling the inclusion criteria for HLH were identified from review of hospital records for period January, 2010 to December, 2019. Result: Median age at diagnosis was 4 years (range13 days-15 years). Presenting features were fever (100%), hepatosplenomegaly (91%), neurological symptoms (23%), bicytopenia (76%), transaminitis (67.3%), increased soluble interleukin-2 receptor) (sIL-2R) (78%) and hemophagocytosis on bone marrow (75%). Median follow-up duration was 13.5 months (3 days to 102 months). Primary HLH was identified in 27 (23%) patients. Etiology of secondary HLH was infections in 53 (45%), rheumatologic illnesses in 21 (18%) and malignancies in 8 (6%) children. Treatment modalities were steroid only (25%), anti-infectious agent (58%), multi-agent chemotherapy (43%) and HSCT (40%); mortality among above treatment groups were 25%, 58%, 43% and 40%, respectively. 15 patients (13%) had relapsed/refractory HLH who were treated with salvage chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The overall mortality rate was 39%; mortality within 30 days seen in 23%. Estimated overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) at 3 years were 62% and 61%, respectively. Conclusion: Pediatric HLH is an aggressive disease with high mortality. Hyponatremia, hyperbilirubinemia, coagulopathy and increased sIL2 receptor level at diagnosis predicts poor outcome.

The Correlation Analysis between the Titer of IgG Anti-A/B Erythrocyte Antibody In Vivo of the Neonate and the Severity of Hemolytic Disease of Newborn / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo of the neonate with hemolytic disease of newborn(HDN), and explore its clinical valua in evaluating the severity of HDN.@*METHODS@#300 neonates with HDN, 50 neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemiain and 50 healthy neonates were selected as research object and Microtubes Gel Test was used to detect the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo. Their clinical data and their mothers' prenatal examination data were retrospectively analyzed. Three hemolysis tests (direct antiglobulin test, free antibody test and release test), irregular antibody screening, and the titer of IgG anti-A/B blood group antibody was determined by serological method. Red blood cells(RBC), hemoglobin(Hb), reticulocytes(Ret) and nucleated red cells were detected by hematology analyzer. Indirect bilirubin and albumin(Alb) were detected by biochemical analyzer. The relationship between the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo and the severity of HDN was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There were six serological diagnosis modes in the HDN group,the difference between modes was statistically significant (P<0.05). The antibody titer relationship between HDN neonates and pregnant women was positive correlation(r=0.8302). The highest antibody titer of release test and free antibody test were 1∶32 and 1∶2, and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. RBC, Hb and Alb in HDN patients were lower than those in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia patients and healthy neonates (P<0.05), and were negatively relevant with antibody titer in vivo (r=-0.8016). Bilirubin content in HDN patients were higher than those in neonatal hyperbiliru binemia patients and healthy neonates group(P<0.05), and was positively relevant with antibody titer in vivo (r=0.8731). The hospital day in HDN patients was significantly relevant with the antibody titer in vivo (r=0.8547), but not with the age, sex, weight and ABO blood types (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The detection of antibody titer in HDN patients can be used to evaluate the antibody concentration in vivo, predict the ability of antibody to induce erythrocyte hemolysis, and help to judge the serenrity and prognosis of HDN.

Analysis of treatment failure phenotype and prognostic factors of stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most severe malignant tumors worldwide. Lobectomy and systematic nodal dissection remain the standard treatment for stageⅠNSCLC. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has become the standard treatment for medically inoperable patients. Though the prognosis of stage Ⅰ NSCLC patients is generally good, there are still about 20% of patients with local recurrence and distant metastasis. There is significant heterogeneity in the prognosis and failure phenotype of patients, which cannot be precisely distinguished by the pathological TNM classification system. Identification of the risk factors for the prognosis of patients with stage Ⅰ NSCLC is a key step to realize the treatment from experience to precision. Screening the high-risk patients will facilitate to individually develop the adjuvant therapy strategy after surgery or SBRT and improve the overall curative effect. There are many factors that are significantly related to the prognosis of stage Ⅰ NSCLC including individual factors such as gender, age, and systemic inflammatory biomarkers; treatment-related factors such as the extent of surgical resection of the primary tumor and lymph nodes, the choice of different radiation rays, and different dose fractionation; and tumor-related factors such as imaging information, pathology information; and molecular biology information. This review will analyze the treatment failure phenotype and prognostic factors of stageⅠ NSCLC in various perspectives such as individual-, tumor- and treatment-related factors.

Analysis of clinical characteristics and prognosis of 4 264 patients with asymptomatic and mild novel coronavirus infections in Shanghai / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients infected with novel coronavirus Omicron variant in Shanghai, as to provide a reference for epidemic prevention, clinical diagnosis, and treatment.Methods:Altogether 4 264 novel coronavirus Omicron variant-infected patients with positive results of nucleic acid admitted to Shanghai New International Expo Center N3 Mobile Cabin Hospital from April 2 to May 7, 2022, were included. The demographic and baseline clinical characteristics, treatment strategy, prognosis, and different factors affecting the length of hospital stay were analyzed.Results:A total of 4 264 novel coronavirus variant Omicron-infected cases were collected, including 3 111 cases (73.0%) asymptomatic infections and 1 153 cases (27.0%) mild infections. The overall median age was 45 (33, 55) years old with a range from 2 years old to 81 years old. The male to female ratio was 1.37∶1. Altogether 3 305 cases (77.5%) had been vaccinated, of which 3 166 cases completed more than 2 doses. The upper respiratory tract symptoms such as cough and expectoration were the most common clinical manifestations of these infected patients. During the course of the disease, patients with asymptomatic infection were mainly treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM, 55.1%) and clinical observation (36.8%), and those with mild infection were mainly treated with TCM (42.2%) or integrated Chinese and Western medicine (30.4%). All patients were cured and discharged. The overall median length of hospital stay and the negative conversion time of nucleic acid were 9 (6, 10) days and 8 (5, 9) days, respectively. Compared with the asymptomatic infected patients, the hospitalization duration and the nucleic acid negative conversion time of the mildly infected patients were slightly longer [days: 10 (8, 11) vs. 9 (5, 10); 8 (6, 10) vs. 7 (4, 9), both P < 0.001]. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the increasing age and mild infection were associated with longer hospitalization duration, and the treatment of TCM or integrated Chinese and Western medicine was associated with shortened length of hospital stay (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:The current novel coronavirus Omicron variant epidemic in Shanghai mainly caused asymptomatic and mild infections. The young and middle-aged population had a relatively high infection rate. The upper respiratory tract symptoms such as cough and expectoration were the most common clinical symptoms. Elderly and confirmed patients had prolonged hospitalization duration, while for patients receiving TCM treatment, the hospitalization duration was shortened.

Analysis of the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Elderly Patients with Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become the standard treatment for patients with non-oncogenic advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While lung cancer is most prevalent in elderly patients, these patients are rarely included in pivotal clinical trial studies. We aimed to describe the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for elderly patients in the "real-world".@*METHODS@#The data of older NSCLC patients and younger patients who received immunotherapy between July 2018 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and the objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) in different age groups (less than 60 years old was defined as the young group, 60 years-74 years old was the young old group, 75 years old and above was the old old group) were compared. And the impact of different clinical characteristics on treatment response and prognosis were analyzed in each age subgroup.@*RESULTS@#A total of 21 young patients, 70 young old patients and 15 old old patients were included in this study, with ORR of 33.3%, 52.8% and 53.3%, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P=0.284). The median PFS was 9.1 mon, 7.6 mon and 10.9 mon, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P=0.654). Further analysis of the predictors of immunotherapy in each subgroup revealed that patients in the young old group and young group who received immunotherapy in the first line had a longer PFS. The difference of the incidence of adverse events was not statistically significant among the three groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in elderly patients were similar to those in younger patients, and PFS was superior in the first-line immunotherapy. Further prospective studies are still needed to explore predictors of immunotherapy in elderly NSCLC patients.

L1 cell adhesion molecule high expression is associated with poor prognosis in surgically resected brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract Objectives Accurate prognosis assessment across the heterogeneous population of brain metastases is very important, which may facilitate clinical decision-making and appropriate stratification of future clinical trials. Previous studies have shown the L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule (L1CAM) is potentially involved in human malignancies of multiple different samples and unfavorable survival. However, no data of L1CAM are available for the brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma, especially for the one with neurosurgical resection. Method The authors investigated the L1CAM expression in cranial metastatic lesions for patients with brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma after neurosurgical resection using tissue microarrays that were obtained from the Department of Neurosurgery at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Furthermore, the relationship between L1CAM expression and clinic-pathological parameters, including overall survival time, was analyzed to assess the prognostic value of L1CAM. Results L1CAM high expression was found in 62.30% of brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma and significantly correlated with brain metastasis number (p = 0.028) and Lung-molGPA score (p = 0.042). Moreover, L1CAM expression was an independent predictor of survival for brain metastases after neurosurgical resection in a multivariate analysis. Patients with L1CAM high expression had unfavorable overall survival time (p = 0.016). In addition, the multivariate analysis also showed age and extracranial transfer were also the independent prognostic factors for this type of patient with brain metastases. Conclusions A subset of brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma aberrantly expresses L1CAM. L1CAM is a novel independent prognostic factor for brain metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma after neurosurgical resection.

Anti-RA 33: A Marker of Good Prognosis in Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis

ABSTRACT Objective: Autoantibodies are evident in the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and play important roles in diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic capability and extent of anti-RA 33 positivity and clinical characteristics in patients with RA. Methods: We included 67 RA patients and 20 healthy subjects in our study. Duration of symptoms, duration of disease, the extent of delay in diagnosis, episodes of clinical remission, and type and number of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) taken were noted. To evaluate quality of life, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Disability Index (consisting of 20 questions) was applied. Disease activity was evaluated with Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28. The laboratory assessments included erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein level and serologic assessments for rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated protein and anti-RA 33. Results: The mean disease duration was 14.56 months. A total of 38 (56.7%) patients were positive for anti-RA 33 antibodies. Twenty-four (63%) of patients positive for anti-RA 33 were clinically in remission. A negative correlation was evident between anti-RA 33 positivity and number of DMARDs taken and HAQ score (r = −0,766, p < 0.001; r = −0.737, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was evident between anti-RA 33 positivity and DAS 28 score (r = 0.287, p = 0.019). Conclusion: Anti-RA 33 antibodies have poor diagnostic capability in patients with RA. Anti-RA 33 antibodies may exert helpful effects determining prognosis in established RA patients.

Multidisciplinary and Comprehensive Chinese Medicine for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study of 855 Cases / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of multidisciplinary and comprehensive Chinese medicine (CM) treatments on progression-free survival (PFS) and median survival time (MST) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and identify factors that influence progression and prognosis.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 855 patients with advanced NSCLC who received multidisciplinary and comprehensive CM treatments at Longhua Hospital from January 2009 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank sequential inspection. Multivariate analysis of significant variables from the univariate analysis was performed with Cox regression modeling. Key factors correlated to progression and prognosis were screened out, and a Cox proportional hazard model was established to calculate the prognostic index.@*RESULTS@#The PFS and MST of 855 advanced NSCLC patients were 9.0 and 26.0 months, respectively. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 79.2%, 54%, 36.2%, and 17.1%, respectively. Gender, pathologic type, and clinical stage were independent prognostic risk factors; surgical history, radiotherapy, treatment course of Chinese patent medicine, intravenous drip of Chinese herbal preparation, duration of oral administration of Chinese herbal decoction (CHD), and intervention measures were independent prognostic protective factors. Gender was an independent risk factor for progression, while operation history and oral CHD administration duration were independent protective factors (all P<0.05). Women with stage IIIb-IIIc lung adenocarcinoma had the best outcomes.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Female patients have lower progression risk and better prognoses than male patients, younger patients have higher progression risk but better long-term prognoses than the elderlys, and patients with lower performance status scores are at lower risk for progression and have better prognoses. Comprehensive CM treatments could significantly reduce progression risk, improve prognosis, and prolong survival time for patients with advanced NSCLC. This treatment mode offers additional advantages over supportive care alone.

Research progress on prognostic factors of primary central nervous system lymphoma / 中国输血杂志

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and special kind of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Chemotherapy based on high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is considered a standard therapy for newly diagnosed PCNSL, but the prognosis of PCNSL is poor due to its high invasiveness and recurrence rate. Risk stratification and prognosis assessment of PCNSL in diagnosis is particularly important in clinical treatment. At present, MSKCC (the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) and Nottingham/Barcelona scoring models are mostly used to classify the risk and evaluate the prognosis of PCNSL. With the further understanding of immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics of PCNSL, potential prognostic factors continue to emerge.

Analysis of the effectiveness and safety of early radiotherapy intervention in oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the prognostic factors of oligometastatic (OM) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and the safety and effectiveness of early radiotherapy intervention.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted, including 159 OM NSCLC cases (metastatic sites≤5, metastasis organs≤3) admitted to Department of Radiation Oncology in First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2015 to December 2018. Among 159 cases, there were 107 males and 52 females, with the median age of 63 years. 137 cases were administrated via early radiotherapy intervention, and 22 cases via delayed radiotherapy intervention. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the progression-free survival time (PFS)/overall survival time (OS) to ascertain the best cut-off value for local control and prognosis. Survival analysis was calculated by Kaplan-Meier curves, and Log rank test was used for comparison of these curves. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for multivariate survival analysis.Results:The median follow-up time of 159 cases was 28.2 months. During the follow-up period, there were 16 cases with complete remission (10.1%), 53 cases with partial remission (33.3%), 27 cases with stable disease (17.0%), and 63 cases with progressed disease(39.6%). The local control rates at 3, 6 and 12 months were 83.9%, 59.7% and 41.0%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of 159 patients was 8.0 months, the median survival time (OS) was 35.0 months, and 1, 2, and 3-year survival rates were 77.3%, 63.0% and 45.1%, respectively. Adverse reactions related to radiotherapy were relatively mild, mostly grade 1 and 2. PFS/OS= 0.3 is the best cut-off value for determining the patient′s local control and prognosis. The result of univariate analysis showed that gender, number of OM organs, T staging, radiotherapy intervention mode, tumor target volume absorbed dose (DT-GTVnx), PFS/OS were significantly related to median PFS ( χ2=4.175, 16.508, 4.408, 10.300, 6.842, 38.175, P<0.05); gender, pathological type, number of OM organs, initial diagnosis stage, T stage, N stage, lobectomy, radiotherapy intervention mode, tumor target volume (V-GTVnx), tumor load, local control status were significantly related to median OS ( χ2=6.672, 8.330, 21.299, 5.398, 6.874, 6.893, 5.611, 115.206, 4.017, 5.110, 21.299, P< 0.05). The result of multivariate analysis showed that delayed radiotherapy intervention ( HR=3.728, 95% CI 2.099-6.622, P<0.001) was an independent risk factor for PFS in patients with OM NSCLC, and PFS/OS>0.3 ( HR=0.123, 95% CI 0.062-0.246, P<0.001) was an independent protective factor for PFS in patients with OM NSCLC; male ( HR=1.665, 95% CI 1.024-3.043, P=0.033), high tumor burden ( HR=2.113, 95% CI 1.088-4.107, P=0.027), delayed radiotherapy interventions ( HR=15.076, 95% CI 7.925-28.680, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for OS in patients with OM NSCLC. Conclusions:OS of patients with OM NSCLC is significantly prolonged in female, low tumor burden and early radiotherapy intervention. Early radiotherapy intervention significantly improved the prognosis, and radiotherapy-related adverse reactions could be tolerated. These might suggest that local radiotherapy is safe and effective in the treatment of OM NSCLC patients.

Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in estimating survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer

Background: The predictive value of different prognostic biomarkers has been studied in various cancer types. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of risk and prognostic significance of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC) and reveal its relevance with survival. Materials and Methods: Clinical and laboratory data of 118 patients with metastatic PC at the time of diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS) was estimated according to the Kaplan–Meier method. To determine the prognostic factors affecting PC, the Cox regression analysis was performed. Results: The average age of the patients was 67 ± 9.57 years. The patients were analyzed during the follow-up period, and their average OS was 12 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.73–14.26). The cutoff value was 3.54 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.653, 95% CI = 0.56–0.73, P = 0.006) for NLR and 437 (AUC = 0.670, 95% CI = 0.57–0.75, P = 0.002) for CA19-9. Statistically significant difference was found between CA19-9 (P < 000.1) and NLR (P < 000.1) and OS. Analysis of multivariate Cox regression showed that NLR (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.17–4.03, P = 0.013) and CA19-9 (HR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.08–3.03, P = 0.022) were important prognostic factors in OS analysis. Conclusion: Pretreatment NLR and CA19-9 levels were found to be reliable estimative markers for poor prognosis in patients with metastatic PC. Our findings revealed that NLR and CA19-9 levels can be used to estimate the survival of patients with PC. We believe that our findings will shed light on the management of treatment protocols for patients diagnosed with metastatic PC

The prognostic role of thyroid transcription factor-1 in lung adenocarcinoma

Aims: In this study, we investigated the expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in lung adenocarcinoma patients' samples and analyzed the association of TTF-1 with clinicopathological parameters, prognosis, and treatment options in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 200 patients who were histologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma with Stage I-IV disease, between 2008 and 2015 years. The cytological archive of these hospitals' Pathology Department was searched. The available slides and the clinical information were reviewed and correlated. All analyses were conducted by SPSS version 15.0 statistical software. Results: Sixty-five (32.5%) of the patients showed TTF-1 negativity and 135 (67.5%) of them showed TTF-1 positivity. The median survival for TTF-1 positive and negative patients was 19.6 and 12.2 months, respectively. We did not find any statistical significance in-between the parameters in terms of the survival data. In TTF-1-negative group, the survival time of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation positive (P = 0.049), cytokeratin 7 (CK7) positive (P = 0.009) patients and those who had received curative radiotherapy (P = 0.028) was significantly better as compared to TTF-1-positive group. We also analyzed the relation between TTF-1 and survival outcome or chemotherapy selection in Stage IV disease. We could not identify any correlation between TTF-1 and survival outcome or treatment selection. Conclusions: This study suggests that TTF-1 is not a favorable prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma patients. The prognostic role of CK7 and relationship between TFF-1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and predictive role of TTF-1 expression for the selection of first-line treatment in Stage IV lung adenocarcinoma should be validated in prospective and randomized studies

Factores en el pronóstico de mortalidad en pacientes con hemorragia intracerebral espontánea / Prognostic factors of mortality rate in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

RESUMEN Introducción: la hemorragia intracerebral espontánea se considera, entre todos los ictus, el efecto más devastador, la mortalidad mensual estimada, oscila entre el 35 y el 52 %. Objetivo: determinar los factores que influyen en la mortalidad, a los 30 días, en pacientes con hemorragia intracerebral espontánea. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico transversal en el Hospital Dr. Carlos Juan Finlay, en un periodo de tres años. El universo lo constituyeron 75 pacientes. Se estudiaron variables demográficas, clínicas y tomográficas. Se aplicaron estadígrafos descriptivos: frecuencia absoluta y relativa, media y desviación típica; y estadígrafos inferenciales: regresión logística mediante el Odds Ratio con intervalo de confianza del 95 %, para una significación positiva al ser p<0,05. Resultados: el grupo etario de 48 a 75 años predominó con 45 pacientes (60 %), el sexo masculino con 44 pacientes (58,7 %) y 33 de la raza blanca (44 %). Predominó la hipertensión arterial como principal antecedente con 61 pacientes para un 81,3 %. Se obtuvieron resultados significativamente positivos para la edad mayor de 80 años (p=0,001); el estado grave según la escala de coma de Glasgow (p=0,005); la presencia de extensión ventricular (p=0,001) y el tratamiento con anticoagulantes orales (p=0,023). Conclusiones: la hemorragia intracerebral se presenta con valores considerables de mortalidad. Las personas mayores de 80 años, con tratamiento con anticoagulantes orales presentan mayor riesgo de mortalidad. La extensión ventricular y bajo puntaje en la escala de coma de Glasgow, empeoran el pronóstico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is considered, among all strokes, the one having the most devastating effect, the estimated mortality rate per month ranges between 35 and 52 %. Objective: to determine the factors that influence 30-day mortality rate in patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Methods: a cross-sectional, analytical, observational study conducted at Dr. Carlos Juan Finlay Military Hospital over a period of 3 years (2017 to 2019). The target group comprised 75 patients. Demographic, clinical and tomographic variables were studied. Descriptive statistics was applied: absolute and relative frequency, arithmetic mean and standard deviation; along with inferential statistics: logistic regression using the Odds Ratio with a 95 % confidence interval, for a positive significance on p <0.05. Results: the age group from 48 to 75 years prevailed with 45 patients (60 %), male sex 44 patients (58. 7%), and white race 33 (44 %). Hypertension predominated as the main antecedent in 61 patients (81. 3 %). Significantly positive results were obtained for ages over 80 (p = 0,001); the severe state according to Glasgow Coma Scale (p = 0,005); the presence of ventricular extension (p = 0,001) and treatment with oral anticoagulants (p = 0.023). Conclusions: intracerebral hemorrhage is evidence for extensive mortality rates. People over 80 years old, treated with oral anticoagulants have a higher risk of death due to this entity. Ventricular extension and a low score on the Glasgow Coma Scale worsen the prognosis.